Warm-season crop
Tomato
Start indoors, then transplant after frost once nights and soil have warmed.
- Spacing
- 24–36 in
- Maturity
- 60–100 days
Plant library
Vegetable planting guides by crop
Use each profile for crop-specific rules, then calculate dates from your local spring or fall freeze reference.
Warm-season crop
Pepper
Peppers need an early indoor start and reliably warm conditions after frost.
- Spacing
- 18–24 in
- Maturity
- 60–90 days
Warm-season crop
Cucumber
Direct-sow into warm soil or use young transplants after frost danger passes.
- Spacing
- 12–36 in
- Maturity
- 50–70 days
Cool-season crop
Lettuce
Lettuce prefers cool weather and can be sown before frost and again for fall.
- Spacing
- 4–12 in
- Maturity
- 45–70 days
Cool-season crop
Spinach
Spinach germinates in cool soil and is best timed for spring or fall harvest.
- Spacing
- 2–4 in
- Maturity
- 35–50 days
Cool-season crop
Carrot
Direct-sow carrots in cool, loose soil and thin seedlings for full-size roots.
- Spacing
- 1–3 in
- Maturity
- 55–80 days
Cool-season crop
Radish
Fast-growing radishes suit cool spring and fall windows and repeat sowings.
- Spacing
- 1–4 in
- Maturity
- 22–35 days
Cool-season crop
Pea
Sow peas directly while soils are cool, allowing support for climbing varieties.
- Spacing
- 1–2 in
- Maturity
- 55–70 days
Warm-season crop
Bush Bean
Direct-sow bush beans only after frost when soil is warm enough for quick emergence.
- Spacing
- 3–6 in
- Maturity
- 45–60 days
Cool-season crop
Broccoli
Broccoli can start indoors for a cool spring transplant or a timed fall crop.
- Spacing
- 12–18 in
- Maturity
- 55–85 days
Cool-season crop
Kale
Cold-tolerant kale works from direct seed or transplants in spring and fall.
- Spacing
- 12–18 in
- Maturity
- 50–75 days
Cool-season crop
Cabbage
Cabbage benefits from an indoor start and transplanting into cool conditions.
- Spacing
- 12–24 in
- Maturity
- 60–100 days
Cool-season crop
Onion
Onions need a long lead time; start seed early or transplant sets in cool spring soil.
- Spacing
- 3–4 in
- Maturity
- 90–120 days
Warm-season crop
Basil
Frost-tender basil should be sown or transplanted only after conditions warm.
- Spacing
- 6–12 in
- Maturity
- 30–60 days
Cool-season crop
Cilantro
Direct-sow cilantro in cool weather and repeat sowings before summer heat.
- Spacing
- 2–6 in
- Maturity
- 40–55 days